<!-- NEW6 — TEST 6 · THE FIVE SHORES · part 180 -->
 | (y << 2)) & 0x33333333;
    y = (y | (y << 1)) & 0x55555555;

    return x | (y << 1);
}

// find the leftmost node of a polygon ring
function getLeftmost(start) {
    let p = start,
        leftmost = start;
    do {
        if (p.x < leftmost.x || (p.x === leftmost.x && p.y < leftmost.y)) leftmost = p;
        p = p.next;
    } while (p !== start);

    return leftmost;
}

// check if a point lies within a convex triangle
function pointInTriangle(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, px, py) {
    return (cx - px) * (ay - py) >= (ax - px) * (cy - py) &&
           (ax - px) * (by - py) >= (bx - px) * (ay - py) &&
           (bx - px) * (cy - py) >= (cx - px) * (by - py);
}

// check if a point lies within a convex triangle but false if its equal to the first point of the triangle
function pointInTriangleExceptFirst(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, px, py) {
    return !(ax === px && ay === py) && pointInTriangle(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, px, py);
}

// check if a diagonal between two polygon nodes is valid (lies in polygon interior)
function isValidDiagonal(a, b) {
    return a.next.i !== b.i && a.prev.i !== b.i && !intersectsPolygon(a, b) && // doesn't intersect other edges
           (locallyInside(a, b) && locallyInside(b, a) && middleInside(a, b) && // locally visible
            (area(a.prev, a, b.prev) || area(a, b.prev, b)) || // does not create opposite-facing sectors
            equals(a, b) && area(a.prev, a, a.next) > 0 && area(b.prev, b, b.next) > 0); // special zero-length case
}

// signed area of a triangle
function area(p, q, r) {
    return (q.y - p.y) * (r.x - q.x) - (q.x - p.x) * (r.y - q.y);
}

// check if two points are equal
function equals(p1, p2) {
    return p1.x === p2.x && p1.y === p2.y;
}

// check if two segments intersect
function intersects(p1, q1, p2, q2) {
    const o1 = sign(area(p1, q1, p2));
    const o2 = sign(area(p1, q1, q2));
    const o3 = sign(area(p2, q2, p1));
    const o4 = sign(area(p2, q2, q1));

    if (o1 !== o2 && o3 !== o4) return true; // general case

    if (o1 === 0 && onSegment(p1, p2, q1)) return true; // p1, q1 and p2 are collinear and p2 lies on p1q1
    if (o2 === 0 && onSegment(p1, q2, q1)) return true; // p1, q1 and q2 are collinear and q2 lies on p1q1
    if (o3 === 0 && onSegment(p2, p1, q2)) return true; // p2, q2 and p1 are collinear and p1 lies on p2q2
    if (o4 === 0 && onSegment(p2, q1, q2)) return true; // p2, q2 and q1 are collinear and q1 lies on p2q2

    return false;
}

// for collinear points p, q, r, check if point q lies on segment pr
function onSegment(p, q, r) {
    return q.x <= Math.max(p.x, r.x) && q.x >= Math.min(p.x, r.x) && q.y <= Math.max(p.y, r.y) && q.y >= Math.min(p.y, r.y);
}

function sign(num) {
    return num > 0 ? 1 : num < 0 ? -1 : 0;
}

// check if a polygon diagonal intersects any polygon segments
function intersectsPolygon(a, b) {
    let p = a;
    do {
        if (p.i !== a.i && p.next.i !== a.i && p.i !== b.i && p.next.i !== b.i &&
                intersects(p, p.next, a, b)) return true;
        p = p.next;
    } while (p !== a);

    return false;
}

// check if a polygon diagonal is locally inside the polygon
function locallyInside(a, b) {
    return area(a.prev, a, a.next) < 0 ?
        area(a, b, a.next) >= 0 && area(a, a.prev, b) >= 0 :
        area(a, b, a.prev) < 0 || area(a, a.next, b) < 0;
}

// check if the middle point of a polygon diagonal is inside the polygon
function middleInside(a, b) {
    let p = a;
    let inside = false;
    const px = (a.x + b.x) / 2;
    const py = (a.y + b.y) / 2;
    do {
        if (((p.y > py) !== (p.next.y > py)) && p.next.y !== p.y &&
                (px < (p.next.x - p.x) * (py - p.y) / (p.next.y - p.y) + p.x))
            inside = !inside;
        p = p.next;
    } while (p !== a);

    return inside;
}

// link two polygon vertices with a bridge; if the vertices belong to the same ring, it splits polygon into two;
// if one belongs to the outer ring and another to a hole, it merges it into a single ring
function splitPolygon(a, b) {
    const a2 = createNode(a.i, a.x, a.y),
        b2 = createNode(b.i, b.x, b.y),
        an = a.next,
        bp = b.prev;

    a.next = b;
    b.prev = a;

    a2.next = an;
    an.prev = a2;

    b2.next = a2;
    a2.prev = b2;

    bp.next = b2;
    b2.prev = bp;

    return b2;
}

// create a node and optionally link it with previous one (in a circular doubly linked list)
function insertNode(i, x, y, last) {
    const p = createNode(i, x, y);

    if (!last) {
        p.prev = p;
        p.next = p;

    } else {
        p.next = last.next;
        p.prev = last;
        last.next.prev = p;
        last.next = p;
    }
    return p;
}

function removeNode(p) {
    p.next.prev = p.prev;
    p.prev.next = p.next;

    if (p.prevZ) p.prevZ.nextZ = p.nextZ;
    if (p.nextZ) p.nextZ.prevZ = p.prevZ;
}

function createNode(i, x, y) {
    return {
        i, // vertex index in coordinates array